MIL-HDBK-1001/SA
Section 3: THERMAL INSULATION
3.1 Purposes for Insulation. There are several purposes for using roof insulation as follows:
a) Reduce heating and cooling equipment capacity. b) Reduce heating and cooling energy use.
c) Occupant comfort.
d) Condensation control.
e) Provide smooth substrate for roofing membrane. f) Provide slope to flat roof decks.
3.2 Design Factors. A number of physical properties and application criteria must be considered in the design of each roof. Evaluation of these factors should consider the entire range of conditions that the roof assembly will be exposed to, including the extremes.
3.2.1 Compressive Strength. Consider the likely extent of roof traffic (including construction traffic) and insulation type and thickness.
3.2.2 Moisture Absorption. Where roof insulation is used in humidified buildings or in areas with large vapor pressure differentials, it is likely that moisture will accumulate in the insulation, even with the use of vapor retarders (refer to Section 4). Moisture absorption reduces the thermal resistance
of insulation. When it is probable that moisture will accumulate in the insulation, the types of insulation material to be
utilized should be those which are least likely to absorb moisture.
3.2.3 Dimensional Stability
3.2.3.1 Temperature. Provisions for expansion should be provided in order to accommodate changes in dimension due to temperature. The temperature range should consider the annual extremes. During colder weather, clear sky radiation can result in roof temperatures lower than design temperatures. During warmer weather, as a result of solar radiation, and depending upon roof color, roof temperatures in excess of 1S0 degrees
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