MIL-HDBK-1001/5A
5.2 General Requirements
5.2.1 Felts. Organic felts are highly vulnerable to
moisture-induced deterioration; use the more durable fiber glass
felts. Organic felts can, however, be used in temporary
membranes that are to be removed or in coal-tar pitch membranes.
5.2.2 Modified Bitumen Flashing. Single-ply modified bitumen sheets may be used for flashing material.
5.2.3 Compatibility. Check with the manufacturer of built-up roofing membrane and flashing materials to assure that proposed roof system and materials are compatible with roof deck, vapor retarder, insulation, and geographic location.
5.3 Membrane Design Recommendations
5.3.1 Bitumen Slope Limits
SLOPE (inches per foot (percent) |
BITUMEN TYPE |
SOFTENING POINT (degrees F (C)) |
1/2 (4) or less |
Asphalt, ASTM D 312, Type I |
135 - 151 (57 - 66) |
1/2 to 1-1/2 (4 to 12) |
Asphalt, ASTM D 312, Type II |
158 - 176 (70 - 80) |
1 to 3 (8 to 25) |
Asphalt, ASTM D 312, Type III |
185 - 205 (85 - 96) |
Steep and flashings |
Asphalt, ASTM D 312, Type IV |
205 - 225 (96 - 107) |
1/4 (4) or less |
Coal Tar Pitch, ASTM D 450 Type I |
126 - 140 (52 - 60) |
1/2 (4) or less |
Coal Tar Pitch, ASTM D 450 Type III |
133 - 147 (56 - 64) |
Require bitumen manufacturer to provide equiviscous temperature (EVT) stenciled on every bitumen container or tanker weight bill to facilitate application at proper viscosity.
5.3.2 Flashing Design Principles. Good flashing design requires the following:
a) Elimination of as many penetrations as practical;
b) Location of individual roof penetrations at least
18 inches (457 millimeters) apart;
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